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O-Xylene (Orthoxylene, 1,2-Dimethylbenzene, 1,2-Xylene, CAS No.: 95-47-6; EINECS No.: 202-422-2; UN No.: 1307) is the ortho-isomer of xylene, with the molecular formula C₈H₁₀ and a molecular weight of 106.17. Classified as a basic aromatic hydrocarbon chemical raw material, it is primarily produced industrially through separation and purification from the products of petroleum catalytic reforming or pyrolysis gasoline, and can also be obtained via the isomerization and separation of mixed xylenes. At room temperature, it is a colorless, transparent, and flammable liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor; it is insoluble in water but miscible in all proportions with most organic solvents, such as ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and chloroform. It has a boiling point of 144.4°C, a flash point of 32°C (closed cup), and a density of 0.880 g/mL (at 20°C). Chemically stable, it undergoes various reactions—including oxidation, sulfonation, nitration, and alkylation—and is classified as a flammable hazardous chemical. As a specific variety within the xylene series with significant downstream value-chain potential, o-Xylene is primarily consumed in the production of phthalic anhydride (PA), which accounts for over 90% of its total consumption. This leads to applications in diverse sectors such as plasticizers, unsaturated polyester resins, dyes, and pharmaceuticals, making it a crucial intermediate linking the basic refining and petrochemical industry with the high-end fine chemical industry.